姓名：巴兹尔·拉思伯恩Basil Rathbone
更多名：Philip St. John Basil Rathbone (本名) 巴兹尔 拉斯伯恩
昵称：Ratters
职业：演员
国家：南非
出生日期：1892-06-13
去世日期：1967-07-21
星座：双子座
出 生 地：南非约翰内斯堡
Basil Rathbone was born in Johannesburg South Africa in 1892 but three years later his family was forced to flee the country because his father was accused by the Boers of being a British spy at a time when Dutch-British conflicts were leading to the Boer War. The Rathbones escaped to England where Basil and his two younger siblings Beatrice and John were raised. Their mother Anna Barbara (George) was a violinist who was born in Grahamstown South Africa of British parents and their father Edgar Philip Rathbone was a mining engineer born in Liverpool. From 1906 to 1910 Rathbone attended Repton School where he was more interested in sports--especially fencing at which he excelled--than studies but where he also discovered his interest in the theater. After graduation he planned to pursue acting as a profession but his father disapproved and suggested that his son try working in business for a year hoping he would forget about acting. Rathbone accepted his father's suggestion and worked as a clerk for an insurance company--for exactly one year. Then he contacted his cousin Frank Benson an actor managing a Shakespearean troupe in Stratford-on-Avon.Rathbone was hired as an actor on the condition that he work his way through the ranks which he did quite rapidly. Starting in bit parts in 1911 he was playing juvenile leads within two years. In 1915 his career was interrupted by the First World War. During his military service as a second lieutenant in the Liverpool Scottish 2nd Battalion he worked in intelligence and received the Military Cross for bravery. In 1919 released from military service he returned to Stratford-on-Avon and continued with Shakespeare but after a year moved onto the London stage. The year after that he made his first appearance on Broadway and his film debut in the silent Innocent (1921).For the remainder of the decade Rathbone alternated between the London and New York stages and occasional appearances in films. In 1929 he co-wrote and starred as the title character in a short-running Broadway play called "Judas". Soon afterwards he abandoned his first love the theater for a film career. During the 1920s his roles had evolved from the romantic lead to the suave lady-killer to the sinister villain (usually wielding a sword) and Hollywood put him to good use during the 1930s in numerous costume romps including Captain Blood (1935) The Personal History Adventures Experience & Observation of David Copperfield the Younger (1935) A Tale of Two Cities (1935) Anna Karenina (1935) The Last Days of Pompeii (1935) The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) Tower of London (1939) The Mark of Zorro (1940) and others. Rathbone earned two Oscar nominations for Best Supporting Actor as Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and as King Louis XI in If I Were King (1938).However it was in 1939 that Rathbone played his best-known and most popular character Sherlock Holmes with Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson first in The Hound of the Baskervilles (1939) and then in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1939) which were followed by 12 more films and numerous radio broadcasts over the next seven years.Feeling that his identification with the character was killing his film career Rathbone went back to New York and the stage in 1946. The next year he won a Tony Award for his portrayal of Dr. Sloper in the Broadway play "The Heiress" but afterwards found little rewarding stage work. Nevertheless during the last two decades of his life Rathbone was a very busy actor appearing on numerous television shows primarily drama variety and game shows; in occasional films such as Casanova's Big Night (1954) The Court Jester (1955) Tales of Terror (1962) and The Comedy of Terrors (1963); and in his own one-man show "An Evening with Basil Rathbone" with which he toured the U.S.
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