nmap扫描结果有哪些如何使用nmap扫描一个网段的主机

2023-03-31 19:31:51

nmap扫描结果有哪些如何使用nmap扫描一个网段的主机？很多人不了解，今天趣百科为大家带来相关内容，下面小编为大家整理介绍。

1. Nmap系统识别

（1）识别操作系统

nmap -O

确定目标主机192.168.33.152的操作系统类型。按如下方式执行命令：

从2021年8月2日15:22 CST开始Nmap 7.70(https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/mnoelzzyb5cs://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/5iq54audkg1

主机启动(0.00036秒延迟)。

港口国家服务局

22/tcp开放ssh

MAC地址： 00:0 c 3360293360 FD 336058:4 b(VMware)# MAC地址

运行： Linux 3。X|4。X #运行系统

操作系统详细信息： Linux 3.2-4.9 #操作系统详细信息

已执行操作系统检测。请在https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/mnoelzzyb5cs://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/qazit3qrkbk

Nmap完成： 1个IP地址(1台主机启动)在1.86秒内扫描完毕

root @ daxueba : ~ # nmap-O 10 . 10 . 1 . 11

……

TCP/IP指纹：

OS :4048% P=i686-PC-windows-windows)SEQ(CI=I % II=I % TS=U)OPS(O1=M400 % O2=% O3=% O4

OS :=% O5=% O6=)OPS(O1=% O2=% O3=M400 % O4=% O5=% O6=)OPS(O1=M400 % O2=% O3=M400 % O4=% O5

OS:=0%W6=0)WIN(W1=0%W2=7FF%W3=7FF%W4=0%W5=0%W6=0)WIN(W1=0%W2=0%W3=7FF%W4=0%

OS:%CC=N%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%RD=0%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=O

OS:0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T3(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=

OS:S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(R=Y%DF

OS:%RID=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=S%T=40%CD=S)

以上输出信息就是Nmap向数据库提交的指纹信息，这些指纹信息是自动生成的，并且标识了目标系统的操作系统。

Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/mnoelzzyb5cs://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/1nh1svwak3t.org ) at 2021-08-02 16:02 CST

Host is up (0.00073s latency).

PORT STATE SERVICE

80/tcp open https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/mnoelzzyb5cs://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/zvnon3esuxk

5678/tcp open rrac

52869/tcp open unknown

Device type: general purpose

OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4

Network Distance: 1 hop

Host is up (0.000085s latency).

MAC Address: 1C:6F:65:C8:4C:89 (Giga-byte Technology)

Host is up (0.00047s latency).

PORT STATE SERVICE

22/tcp open ssh

135/tcp open msrpc

443/tcp open https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/mnoelzzyb5cs://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/pkmeibbzkci

902/tcp open iss-realsecure

1433/tcp open ms-sql-s

5357/tcp open wsdapi

49153/tcp open unknown

49155/tcp open unknown

49158/tcp open unknown

Device type: general purpose

OS CPE: cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_7::- cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_7::sp1

2008:r2 cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_8 cpe:/o:microsoft:windows_8.1

Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, or Windows 8.1 Update 1 #操作系统详细信息

Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6)

Not shown: 977 closed ports

21/tcp open ftp

23/tcp open telnet

53/tcp open domain

111/tcp open rpcbind

445/tcp open microsoft-ds

513/tcp open login

1099/tcp open rmiregistry

2049/tcp open nfs

3306/tcp open mysql

5900/tcp open vnc

6667/tcp open irc

8180/tcp open unknown

Device type: general purpose

OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6

Network Distance: 1 hop

Host is up (0.00093s latency).

MAC Address: 00:0C:29:6C:C4:92 (VMware)

Host is up (0.000010s latency).

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at

Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (6 hosts up) scanned in 7.64 seconds

从以上输出信息可以看到，如果探测到目标主机上存在开放的端口，则推测出了其操作系统类型；如果目标主机上不存在开放的端口，则无法推测其操作系统类型。

（3）推测操作系统

当Nmap无法确定所探测的操作系统时，会尽可能地提供最相近的匹配。为了对目标系统推测得更准确，可以使用--osscan-guess或--fuzzy选项来实现。语法格式如下：

nmap -O --osscan-guess;--fuzzy

其中，--osscan-guess;--fuzzy选项用于推测操作系统检测结果，将以百分比的方式给出对操作系统信息的猜测。当Nmap无法确定所检测的操作系统时，会尽可能地提供最相近的匹配。Nmap默认进行这种匹配，使用任意一个选项将使得Nmap的推测更加有效。

推测目标主机www.163.com的操作系统类型。执行命令如下：

root@daxueba:~# nmap -O --osscan-guess www.163.com

Nmap scan report for www.163.com (124.163.204.105)

Other addresses for www.163.com (not scanned): 2408:8726:5100::4f

Not shown: 955 closed ports

80/tcp open https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/mnoelzzyb5cs://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/zvnon3esuxk

82/tcp open xfer

88/tcp open kerberos-sec

139/tcp filtered netbios-ssn

445/tcp filtered microsoft-ds

Device type: general purpose|firewall|media device|phone|broadband router security-misc

embedded (91%), Google Android 5.X (90%), D-Link embedded (90%), Draytek

OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3.2 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.32

android:5.0.1 cpe:/h:dlink:dsl-2890al cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.25.20

Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 3.2 (92%), IPCop 2.0 (Linux 2.6.32) (91%), Linux

3.18 (90%), D-Link DSL-2890AL ADSL router (90%), OpenWrt Kamikaze 8.09 (Linux

No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).

OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/mnoelzzyb5cs://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/1nh1svwak3t.org/submit/ .

表1 各个操作系统的初始TTL值

使用Ping测试目标主机（192.168.33.152）的操作系统类型（该目标主机的操作系统类型为Linux）。执行命令如下：

root@daxueba:~# ping 192.168.33.152

64 bytes from 192.168.33.152: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.33.152: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.431 ms

PING 192.168.33.229 (192.168.33.229) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.33.229: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=1.01 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.33.229: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=1.52 ms

从输出的信息可以看到，该响应包中的TTL值为128。由此可以说明，这是一个Windows操作系统。

<+> Loading modules. #正在加载模块

<1> ping:icmp_ping - ICMP echo discovery module

<3> ping:udp_ping - UDP-based ping discovery module

<5> infogather:portscan - TCP and UDP PortScanner

<7> fingerprint:icmp_tstamp - ICMP Timestamp request fingerprinting module

<9> fingerprint:icmp_port_unreach - ICMP port unreachable fingerprinting module

<11> fingerprint:tcp_rst - TCP RST fingerprinting module

<13> fingerprint:snmp - SNMPv2c fingerprinting module

<+> Initializing scan engine #初始化扫描引擎

<-> ping:tcp_ping module: no closed/open TCP ports known on 124.163.204.105.

<-> ping:udp_ping module: no closed/open UDP ports known on 124.163.204.105.

<-> No distance calculation. 124.163.204.105 appears to be dead or no ports known

<+> Target: 124.163.204.105 is alive. Round-Trip Time: 0.01503 sec

<-> fingerprint:tcp_hshake Module execution aborted (no open TCP ports known)

<-> fingerprint:snmp: need UDP port 161 open

<+> Host 124.163.204.105 Running OS: "Linux Kernel 2.4.19" (Guess

<+> Other guesses: #其他猜测

probability: 100%)

<+> Modules deinitialized

<+> Loading modules.

<1> ping:icmp_ping - ICMP echo discovery module

<3> ping:udp_ping - UDP-based ping discovery module

<5> infogather:portscan - TCP and UDP PortScanner

<7> fingerprint:icmp_tstamp - ICMP Timestamp request fingerprinting module

<9> fingerprint:icmp_port_unreach - ICMP port unreachable

<10> fingerprint:tcp_hshake - TCP Handshake fingerprinting module

<12> fingerprint:smb - SMB fingerprinting module

<+> 13 modules registered

<+> Running scan engine

Module test failed

<+> Host: 124.163.204.105 is up (Guess probability: 50%)

<+> Selected safe Round-Trip Time value is: 0.03056 sec

<-> fingerprint:smb need either TCP port 139 or 445 to run

<+> Primary guess:

<+> Other guesses:

<+> Host 124.163.204.105 Running OS: "HP JetDirect ROM G.07.02 EEPROM G.08.04" (Guess probability: 83%)

<+> Host 124.163.204.105 Running OS: "HP JetDirect ROM G.07.19 EEPROM G.08.03" (Guess probability: 83%)

<+> Host 124.163.204.105 Running OS: "HP JetDirect ROM G.08.08 EEPROM G.08.04" (Guess probability: 83%)

<+> Host 124.163.204.105 Running OS: "HP JetDirect ROM H.07.15 EEPROM H.08.20" (Guess probability: 83%)

<+> Cleaning up scan engine

<+> Execution completed.

从以上输出的信息中可以看到，执行结果出错了（HP JetDirect ROM G.07.02 EEPROM G.07.17）。

在Kali Linux的新版本中，xProbe2工具运行后，测试的结果中操作系统类型显示为乱码。具体如下：

<+> Primary guess:

<+> Other guesses:

<+> Host 192.168.1.8 Running OS: ?????U (Guess probability: 100%)

<+> Host 192.168.1.8 Running OS: ????U (Guess probability: 100%)

<+> Host 192.168.1.8 Running OS: ?????U (Guess probability: 100%)

<+> Cleaning up scan engine

<+> Execution completed.

4. p0f系统识别

p0f是一款用于识别远程操作系统的工具，该工具与前面介绍的其他工具不同，它是一个完全被动地识别操作系统指纹信息的工具，不会直接作用于目标系统。当启动该工具后，即可监听网络中的所有数据包。通过分析监听到的数据包，即可找出与系统相关的信息。下面介绍使用p0f工具来实施操作系统指纹识别的方法。

使用p0f工具对目标主机实施系统识别。执行命令如下：

1）启动p0f工具。执行命令如下：

root@daxueba:~# p0f

<+> Closed 1 file descriptor.

<+> Intercepting traffic on default interface 'eth0'.

<+> Entered main event loop.

从以上输出信息中可以看到，p0f工具仅显示了几行信息，无法捕获到其他信息。但是，p0f会一直处于监听状态。

2）此时，当有其他主机在网络中产生数据流量的话，将会被p0f工具监听到。例如，在另一台主机上通过浏览器访问一个站点，然后返回到p0f所在的终端，将看到如下信息：

.-< 192.168.1.4/38934 -> 65.200.22.161/80 (https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/mnoelzzyb5c request) >- #https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/c5teypwar5u

| app = Safari 5.1-6 #应用

| params = dishonest #程序

----

| server = 65.200.22.161/80 #服务器

| raw_freq = 1048.46 Hz #频率

.-< 192.168.1.4/38934 -> 65.200.22.161/80 (https://pic.qubaike.com/pic/2023-03-31/mnoelzzyb5c response) >-

| app = ???

| params = none

----

| client = 192.168.1.4/32854

| dist = 0

| raw_sig = 4:64+0:0:1460:mss*20,7:mss,sok,ts,nop,ws:df,id+:0